The number of new cases of TB reported to WHO has been increasing since 2013, largely due to increased reporting of detected cases by the private sector in India, which accounts for about a quarter of the TB case burden. However, research into LPAs performance on extrapulmonary samples lags behind. This diagnostic platform has been well profiled for pulmonary samples and is endorsed by the WHO for them. These assays involve three steps: DNA extraction from clinical specimens or cultured material, PCR amplification of predefined gene regions, and reverse hybridization of the PCR products with standard, immobilized probes for gene mutations associated with resistance. In short, the objective of my research is to evaluate the performance of a rapid molecular diagnostic platform, called line probe assays (LPAs), for use in diagnosing tuberculosis and determining drug resistance in extrapulmonary samples. The phones in the lab are constantly ringing as people call in asking about results. Diff, CMV-and has different work flows dependent on the sample type and what the doctor orders. The lab receives samples with all sorts of suspected infections-TB, H1N1, C. Not only do they receive samples from patients at Hinduja Hospital, but also all sorts of other health facilities around Mumbai, including MSF. I am amazed at the volume and diversity of samples the microbiology lab receives each day. This reflects the lack of capacity and infrastructure that patients find in the public sector. Despite India’s huge population, wealth inequalities, and the large proportion struggling in the face of poverty, over half of India’s TB patients seek care in the private sector. Although it is a private hospital, it also runs as a philanthropy and serves the city of Mumbai as well as the greater area. The Hinduja Laboratory is a reference laboratory attached to a very large private hospital with a sizeable and diverse tuberculosis population. My flat buildingįor the past seven weeks, I have been working on a retrospective data collation and analysis research project at Hinduja Hospital & Clinical Laboratories in Mumbai. Commuting to work is just the beginning of the excitement of the day living in Mumbai. I’ve learned to always look down as I walk as you never know when there is going to be cow poop in the street. When I get off the bus in a more bustling area of the city, I have to watch where I walk. all have different sections for women here). I sit in the front part of the bus that is reserved for women (train compartments, airport security, etc.
Sometimes they don’t, in which case I hope the person next to me knows English and answers fast enough for me to hop on as the buses barely stop. Sometimes they have it written in the English alphabet on the back of the bus. At my bus stop, the buses always have the bus number written in the Hindi alphabet on the front.
#C DIFF SKETCHY MICRO HOW TO#
One thing I’ve learned this summer is how to maneuver an umbrella every direction through crowded streets. Often, I am also wielding an umbrella since it’s monsoon season and all. I start my mornings walking from the flat I am renting to the bus stop and am immediately confronted by untraceable smells and the honks of rickshaws and motorbikes zooming through the streets. Little did I realize the extent of variability of site of infection or how diverse its course could be until I began my summer in India.
#C DIFF SKETCHY MICRO CRACKED#
When I thought of tuberculosis, I would think of the western theme cartoon titled “Shootout at the TB Corral.” Bullet holes in the middle of a cactus represented primary TB primarily affecting the middle lobes of the lung millet represented miliary TB cracked pots represented Pott’s disease.
#C DIFF SKETCHY MICRO FULL#
This resource is a program of videos that teaches microbiology pathogens using animated cartoons full of memory tricks. Like many of my classmates, I relied heavily on a study resource called SketchyMedical to learn microbiology. ‘Placenta.’ ‘Collection around heel.’ As I sift through diagnostic registers, these are just a few of the types of samples types I see. ‘Endometrium.’ ‘Cystic lesions from cerebellum.’ ‘Gluteal abscess.’ ‘Fluid from knee’.
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